Mutt - The Gift of Father Frost - Keeping the Public in Public Domain

Current and last week's winter weather makes any check of a creature seeing its shadow unnecessary.  While we may long for warmth, most of North America knows we're in for more than just six weeks more winter.  

What would you give to be able to control the weather?

What would happen to you if you could control the weather?

Estonian folklore considered those questions and it's still fairly close to what might be expected now.

I'll tell a bit more about the source of this story after we enjoy it.

WELL!  Where's a good heat-sack when you need it?

This is from a delightful book of Estonian tales called Fairy Tales from Baltic Shores. 

There are various editions and covers, but as far as copyright searching could reveal, this 1930 book's copyright was never renewed.  The publisher, The Penn Publishing Company, the author, Eugenie Mutt, or the illustrator, Jeannette Berkowitz, all had the opportunity to renew the book and didn't.  Under the older 1909 copyright law it needed to be renewed 28 years after it had been published.  When that wasn't done, the book entered Public Domain at the renewal year. 

Here I could get on my soapbox and begin my rant about Sonny Bono singing "I Got You Babe" in the Great Beyond.  His constituents when he was in Congress included the Disney Studio, who were about to lose their royalties for the use of Mickey Mouse.  His Copyright Term Extension Act (known also as the Sonny Bono Act or the Mickey Mouse Protection Act) protected works from 1964 onward, getting our copyright law to cover works that had been renewed.  It's more complicated for those renewed works so I alway search 1963 and earlier, avoiding reproduction if renewed.  By the way "Mickey Mouse specifically, having first appeared in 1928, will enter the public domain in 2024^[5] or afterward (depending on the date of the product)."  That's from the Wikipedia article hot-linked earlier in this paragraph.  I love the footnote to "Mickey's Headed to the Public Domain! But Will He Go Quietly? - Office of Copyright". Office of Copyright. October 17, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2018.  Earlier this year we saw the copyright on Winnie-the-Pooh has expired this year.  I expect to see all manner of products using it, especially using E.H. Shepard's illustrations of the characters.  

Searching for the illustrator of this story, Jeannette Berkowitz, I'm only certain she illustrated a similar book The Penn Publishing Company didn't renew, Old Swedish Fairy Tales by Anna Wahlenberg.  (Note to self to consider it for this blog as I own the book.)  Additionally Berkowitz illustrated The Adventures of K'Ton Ton; A Little Jewish Tom Thumb.  It was published in 1935 as the "first major work of Jewish children's literature written in English."  For a glimpse of one story and a few other illustrations, Ariel S. Winter has posted "Ktonton Takes a Ride on a Runaway Trendel."  (Trendel is another spelling of the Hanukkah top more familiarly called a dreidel, but spelled many ways when it's transliterated).  Other than her work on those three books I'm uncertain about her, as the name Berkowitz is not easily verified to know more.

In contrast, how would you like the last name of Mutt as a child in school?  Fortunately that's Eugenie's married name and she's more easily located.  She was born in Tartu, Tartumaa county in eastern Estonia in 1892 as Jevgenia Parts, the daughter of Johann (Jaan) Parts and Sinaida Parts and had a brother named Paul.  I'm not sure when she married Viktor Johann Mutt, but they came to the U.S. in 1928 with their two sons, Oleg and Viktor.  I imagine they probably wished their father's name had been changed during immigration.  Beyond that she was one of four translators into English for The Piper:  A Selection of Estonian Fairy Tales compiled by Juri Talvet and published by the Estonian publisher, Tallinn Perioodika Publishers, in 1987.  By that time she had died in 1983, probably one of the reasons for four translators.  

While the country of Estonia is not as well-known as many other northern European countries, it has had a sizeable immigration history to the U.S., especially after World War II when 11,000 were allowed to immigrate and apply for citizenship as Russia claimed the country.  Today Estonia is once again independent and that's certainly an Estonian trait.  These descendants of the Vikings deserve to be better known. 

(https://clipartix.com)

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This is part of a series of postings of stories under the category, "Keeping the Public in Public Domain."  The idea behind Public Domain was to preserve our cultural heritage after the authors and their immediate heirs were compensated.  I feel strongly current copyright law delays this intent on works of the 20th century.  My own library of folklore includes so many books within the Public Domain I decided to share stories from them.  I hope you enjoy discovering new stories.  

At the same time, my own involvement in storytelling regularly creates projects requiring research as part of my sharing stories with an audience.  Whenever that research needs to be shown here, the publishing of Public Domain stories will not occur that week.  This is a return to my regular posting of a research project here.  (Don't worry, this isn't dry research, my research is always geared towards future storytelling to an audience.)  Response has convinced me that "Keeping the Public in Public Domain" should continue along with my other postings as often as I can manage it.

Other Public Domain story resources I recommend-

• There are many online resources for Public Domain stories, maybe none for folklore is as ambitious as fellow storyteller, Yoel Perez's database, Yashpeh, the International Folktales Collection.  I have long recommended it and continue to do so.  He has loaded Stith Thompson's Motif Index into his server as a database so you can search the whole 6 volumes for whatever word or expression you like by pressing one key. http://folkmasa.org/motiv/motif.htm

• You may have noticed I'm no longer certain Dr. Perez has the largest database, although his offering the Motif Index certainly qualifies for those of us seeking specific types of stories.  There's another site, FairyTalez claiming to be the largest, with "over 2000 fairy tales, folktales, and fables" and they are "fully optimized for phones, tablets, and PCs", free and presented without ads.
  
  Between those two sites, there is much for story-lovers, but as they say in infomercials, "Wait, there's more!"

The email list for storytellers, Storytell, discussed Online Story Sources and came up with these additional suggestions:            

         - David K. Brown - http://people.ucalgary.ca/~dkbrown/stories.html

         - Karen Chace - http://karenchace.blogspot.com/search?q=public+domain

         - Richard Martin - http://www.tellatale.eu/tales_page.html

         - Spirit of Trees - http://spiritoftrees.org/featured-folktales

         - Story-Lovers - http://www.story-lovers.com/ is now only accessible through the Wayback Machine, described below, but the late Jackie Baldwin's wonderful site lives on there, fully searchable manually (the Google search doesn't work), at https://archive.org/ .  It's not easy, but go to Story-lovers.com snapshot for October 22 2016  and you can click on SOS: Searching Out Stories to scroll down through the many story topics and click on the story topic that interests you.

       - Tim Sheppard - http://www.timsheppard.co.uk/story/storylinks.html

       - World of Tales - http://www.worldoftales.com/ 
           - Zalka Csenge Virag - http://multicoloreddiary.blogspot.com doesn't give the actual stories, but her recommendations, working her way through each country on a continent, give excellent ideas for finding new books and stories to love and tell.

     
You're going to find many of the links on these sites have gone down, BUT go to the Internet Archive Wayback Machine to find some of these old links.  Tim's site, for example, is so huge probably updating it would be a full-time job.  In the case of Story-Lovers, it's great that Jackie Baldwin set it up to stay online as long as it did after she could no longer maintain it.  Possibly searches maintained it.  Unfortunately Storytell list member, Papa Joe is on both Tim Sheppard's site and Story-Lovers, but he no longer maintains his old Papa Joe's Traveling Storytelling Show website and his Library (something you want to see!) is now only on the Wayback Machine.  It took some patience working back through claims of snapshots but finally in December of 2006 it appears!

Somebody as of this writing whose stories can still be found by his website is the late Chuck Larkin - http://chucklarkin.com/stories.html.  I prefer to list these sites by their complete address so they can be found by the Wayback Machine, a.k.a. Archive.org, when that becomes the only way to find them.

You can see why I recommend these to you. Have fun discovering even more stories!

I remember when talking about our family friends, the Vannaks, and their celebration of Estonian Independence Day, my younger daughter, Jamie said, "Stonia?  Who wants to go to Stonia?"

The country of Estonia may not be covered well in United States Social Studies classes.  (Rant alert:  Don't get me started on the whole topic of how the subjects of History, Geography, and Civics now are lumped together as one subject so that today's students receive less information in all three subjects!)  Estonia is a country east of the southern half of Sweden, but across the Baltic Sea and just south of Finland with it's smaller Gulf of Finland (and Estonians speak the second-most-spoken Finnic language) yet it touches Russia (the former U.S.S.R.).  That touch -- one of many centuries of foreign rule by Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles, and Russians -- caused the most recent celebration which goes back to their brief independence after World War I.  They were definitely Vikings and I confess I can just picture the father, Vaivo, retaining that Viking spirit in his passion.  I fondly remember times with their family, including when the Soviet Union broke up enough for the Estonian Independence Day to truly be celebrated both in Estonia and their home in Toledo, Ohio.

What got me thinking about all of this again was, of all things, the terrible turn that the Lunar New Year took at the start of this month.  I mentioned earlier this month that one of the beliefs behind Chinese New Year is that whatever you do at the start of the year will keep recurring all year long.  The head of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now believes this will prove true with the Corona Virus staying with us beyond this year.

Along the way while planning this month's possible responses to that unfortunate development I discovered an Estonian tale not in my Public Domain anthologies, but retold in a blog no longer produced, but was syndicated by Andrews McMeel Universal.  I originally contacted one of the authors, Amy Friedman, and she pointed me in their direction for permission.  She was sure they would grant it, but it took a while (rather like the development of the unfortunate virus now abbreviated as COVID-19, as it actually was first reported on December 31, 2019).  Fortunately we can sit at our computers and other digital devices and enjoy a tale stretching back to a style of story about silliness known as Noodlehead stories.  Let laughter and smiles still stretch around the internet with this bit of humor to celebrate Estonian Independence Day on February 24th.

Tell Me a Story by Amy Friedman and Meredith Johnson

Three Sneezes (An Estonian Folktale)

August 12, 2012

by Amy Friedman and Meredith Johnson

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Once upon a time, in a little village not far from Tallinn, on the Gulf of Finland, there lived a farmer whose name was Kalev. Kalev and his wife, Johanna, had many children. As time passed, their children married and had children of their own. After some time, the children began to ask their father who would inherit his farm.


The eldest child was Kati, and she thought the farm would be hers. But Paavo, the oldest son, said, "Shouldn't you pass your farm to me, your oldest son?"

The children began to bicker, particularly at the holidays when they visited. Over the meal, they talked as if Kalev was no longer there:

"It will be mine, won't it, Father?" asked Kati.

"No, mine," pleaded Paavo.

Kalev and Johanna listened closely, and late at night they talked about what would become of their farm and their children. Kalev was worried, for he did not know when he would die, and he had made no decision.

"I'll go see the Sage of Finland," he announced to his wife. "I'll ask him how many years I have to live, and then I will know when to decide."

"A wise idea," Johanna agreed, and so Kalev set off to see the sage.

The sage looked just once at Kalev, and he solemnly said, "You will know death has come when you have sneezed three times."

And as Kalev traveled back home, he was deeply saddened, for he could not stop thinking about sneezing. Just as he walked into his own yard, he froze. There was the honeysuckle vine, and the scent always tickled his nose. Sure enough, before he could stop himself, he sneezed.

"Oh no!" he cried. "Just two more left."

He dared not tell Johanna the news, and so that night he avoided her questions, and early the next morning he set off for the mill to grind some grain. While he was there, working away, the dust from the mill tickled his nose, and he sneezed once again.

He sighed deeply. "Just one more left," he said under his breath, and he ran out of the mill as fast as he could.

Alas, the next morning he realized he had to pick up the sacks of flour he had left behind, and so he walked back to the mill. He walked carefully inside, lifted a sack, threw it over his shoulder and raced for the door.

He rushed out into the warm summer air, but his nose was full of dust. He knew he was going to sneeze. He tried to stop himself.

He inhaled and cried, "No!"

But it was too late. He let out an enormous sneeze.

He placed the sack upon the ground and groaned, "My time has come too soon!"

But he knew he must accept his fate, and so he lay upon the ground and stretched out. He closed his eyes.

The miller's hogs noticed the sack of flour upon the ground, and they rushed through the open gate to the sack and began to rip it open.

When Kalev heard their grunting, he turned his head, opened his eyes and looked at them.

He sighed deeply. "If I were alive, I'd punish you for this, you scoundrels!" he shouted. "Alas, I am dead."

And he closed his eyes.

The miller heard the grunting of his hogs, and he rushed outside to investigate. There he saw Kalev on the ground. He stood over him.

"Why are you lying here?" he asked. "How could you let the hogs go wild?"

Kalev opened his eyes once more. "What can I do?" he sighed. "I'm dead. If I were alive, of course, I'd drive away your hogs, but a dead man can only rely on those who are alive to do his will."

"Ah," said the miller, grinning ear to ear. "So you are dead. That's very sad."

The miller reached for his whip and raised it over his head, preparing to flog his hogs, but when they heard the crack of the whip, they ran away.

The miller whirled that whip to the ground, and it grazed Kalev's arm. The jolt rushed through his body, and he sat up fast.

"Oh my!" he cried with joy. "You've brought me back to life! What a friend you are! If not for you, I'd still be dead."

And feeling happier than he ever had, he heaved what was left of the flour onto his back and hurried home.

From that day on, whenever his children began to argue, he stood up and roared, "I'll hear no talk of death in my presence!"

Kalev and Johanna lived happily ever after for many more years.

This story:  TELL ME A STORY © by Amy Friedman & Meredith Johnson. Reprinted with permission of ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION. All rights reserved.

I know many of my readers enjoy a good story, so you might enjoy a trip to the Tell Me A Story archives.  You will see some years where Amy Friedman and Meredith Johnson no longer created the site.  It actually ran from August of 1996 to the end of 2017, so click on a year for more stories.  Nothing lasts forever, with or without sneezing.

May you stay well!
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This is part of a series of postings of stories under the category, "Keeping the Public in Public Domain."  The idea behind Public Domain was to preserve our cultural heritage after the authors and their immediate heirs were compensated.  I feel strongly current copyright law delays this intent on works of the 20th century.  My own library of folklore includes so many books within the Public Domain I decided to share stories from them.  I hope you enjoy discovering new stories.  

At the same time, my own involvement in storytelling regularly creates projects requiring research as part of my sharing stories with an audience.  Whenever that research needs to be shown here, the publishing of Public Domain stories will not occur that week.  This is a return to my regular posting of a research project here.  (Don't worry, this isn't dry research, my research is always geared towards future storytelling to an audience.)  Response has convinced me that "Keeping the Public in Public Domain" should continue along with my other postings as often as I can manage it.

Other Public Domain story resources I recommend-

• There are many online resources for Public Domain stories, maybe none for folklore is as ambitious as fellow storyteller, Yoel Perez's database, Yashpeh, the International Folktales Collection.  I have long recommended it and continue to do so.  He has loaded Stith Thompson's Motif Index into his server as a database so you can search the whole 6 volumes for whatever word or expression you like by pressing one key. http://folkmasa.org/motiv/motif.htm

• You may have noticed I'm no longer certain Dr. Perez has the largest database, although his offering the Motif Index certainly qualifies for those of us seeking specific types of stories.  There's another site, FairyTalez claiming to be the largest, with "over 2000 fairy tales, folktales, and fables" and they are "fully optimized for phones, tablets, and PCs", free and presented without ads.
  
  Between those two sites, there is much for story-lovers, but as they say in infomercials, "Wait, there's more!"

The email list for storytellers, Storytell, discussed Online Story Sources and came up with these additional suggestions:            

         - David K. Brown - http://people.ucalgary.ca/~dkbrown/stories.html

         - Karen Chace - http://karenchace.blogspot.com/search?q=public+domain

         - Richard Martin - http://www.tellatale.eu/tales_page.html

         - Spirit of Trees - http://spiritoftrees.org/featured-folktales

         - Story-Lovers - http://www.story-lovers.com/ is now only accessible through the Wayback Machine, described below, but Jackie Baldwin's wonderful site lives on there, fully searchable manually (the Google search doesn't work), at https://archive.org/ .  It's not easy, but go to Story-lovers.com snapshot for October 22 2016  and you can click on SOS: Searching Out Stories to scroll down through the many story topics and click on the story topic that interests you.

       - Tim Sheppard - http://www.timsheppard.co.uk/story/storylinks.html

       - World of Tales - http://www.worldoftales.com/ 
           - Zalka Csenge Virag - http://multicoloreddiary.blogspot.com doesn't give the actual stories, but her recommendations, working her way through each country on a continent, give excellent ideas for finding new books and stories to love and tell.

     
You're going to find many of the links on these sites have gone down, BUT go to the Internet Archive Wayback Machine to find some of these old links.  Tim's site, for example, is so huge probably updating it would be a full-time job.  In the case of Story-Lovers, it's great that Jackie Baldwin set it up to stay online as long as it did after she could no longer maintain it.  Possibly searches maintained it.  Unfortunately Storytell list member, Papa Joe is on both Tim Sheppard's site and Story-Lovers, but he no longer maintains his old Papa Joe's Traveling Storytelling Show website and his Library (something you want to see!) is now only on the Wayback Machine.  It took some patience working back through claims of snapshots but finally in December of 2006 it appears!

Somebody as of this writing whose stories can still be found by his website is the late Chuck Larkin - http://chucklarkin.com/stories.html.  I prefer to list these sites by their complete address so they can be found by the Wayback Machine, a.k.a. Archive.org, when that becomes the only way to find them.

You can see why I recommend these to you. Have fun discovering even more stories!

Mutt - The Clever Peasant Girl - Keeping the Public in Public Domain

A story has been haunting me as I look a bit ahead to Valentine's Day.  I knew the story's ending impressed me as a wonderful proof of love, but couldn't remember the story's source or even its country.  This wasn't as hopeless as it seems because I went looking in Margaret Read MacDonald's excellent reference book, The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children. -- Don't let that part about children stop you, this is definitely a story for mature adolescents and adults.  At the end I'll say a bit more about the motif index which helped me find it, but here are the many cultures that tell this motif in the order MacDonald gives them:  it is found in anthologies for Serbia, the Kirghiz (of Kyrgyzstan), Estonia, Czechoslovakia (when published still one country with no sign if the story is Czech or Slovak), Wales, Rumania, Poland, Russia, Netherlands, and Italy.  Stories do travel and clearly this has traveled from Central Asia and across Europe.

By the way, it's also a story loaded with riddles and that, too, is a common element in many stories.  I challenge you to try and answer them before seeing how the Clever Peasant Girl answers them.

I have many of the anthologies MacDonald cites and the best known version is probably Parker Fillmore's "Clever Manka" in The Shepherd's Nosegay; stories from Finland and Czechoslovakia, but both the original book and the story's reprint in May Hill Arbuthnot's Time for Fairy Tales Old and New are ex libris complete with library binding which preserves the book, but makes it hard to scan.  

Looking further at those anthologies, another version rose to the top, the Estonian one.  I have long-time family friends who are Estonian American and also know later this month is Estonian Independence Day, so I checked my two books of Estonian tales.  The more recent (and still in copyright) The Moon Painters and Other Estonian Folk Tales by Selve Maas is a lot of fun, but it includes many of the same stories found in the older Fairy Tales from Baltic Shores; Folk-lore stories from Estonia by Eugenie Mutt.  The two books each give their retellings of "The Clever Peasant Girl."  The older volume also includes wide margins perfect for scanning as well as being a graphic gem with full color and small black and white illustrations and page design by Jeannettte Berkowitz -- although I quibble a bit with where the publisher inserted them. 

Let's see it!

Now how did I find it and why did it seem so appropriate to me?  MacDonald used the Aarne-Thompson Motif classification to group types of stories.  The general group is J for "The Wise and Foolish" and I found J1545.4 "The exiled wife's dearest possession.  A wife driven from home by her husband is allowed to take her dearest possession.  She takes her husband."  I'll admit this clever wife found a more comfortable way than I seem to remember, but none of the other anthologies are in Public Domain, so I didn't read them for my faintly remembering she picked her husband up and carried him out on her back!  In this case an exiled Queen would surely not do that and would be allowed a coach to carry her and whatever she valued most.  ("Clever Manka" also had a wagon to carry out her burgomaster.)  Clearly whether it's used for love and Valentine's Day, Estonian Independence Day (February 24), or saved for Women's History month, it's a story worth Keeping the Public in Public Domain.

Not in Public Domain, but I've been given permission to post another Estonian tale I found online and wanted to use at the start of this month and the lunar New Year.  I hope that tempts you to return here for a humorous story which may have another application to the Year of the Rat.
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